Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [??pe???] (13px listen); March 19, 1905 – September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office. As "the Nazi who said sorry", he accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs for complicity in crimes of the Nazi regime. His level of involvement in the persecution of the Jews and his level of knowledge of the Holocaust remain matters of dispute.Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931, launching him on a political and governmental career which lasted fourteen years. His architectural skills made him increasingly prominent within the Party and he became a member of Hitler's inner circle. Hitler instructed him to design and construct a number of structures, including the Reich Chancellery and the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg where Party rallies were held. Speer also made plans to reconstruct Berlin on a grand scale, with huge buildings, wide boulevards, and a reorganized transportation system.In February 1942, Hitler appointed Speer Minister of Armaments and War Production. Under his leadership, Germany's war production continued to increase despite considerable Allied bombing. After the war, he was tried at Nuremberg and sentenced to 20 years in prison for his role in the Nazi regime, principally for the use of forced labor. He served his full sentence, most of it at Spandau Prison in West Berlin.Following his release from Spandau in 1966, Speer published two bestselling autobiographical works, Inside the Third Reich and Spandau: The Secret Diaries, detailing his often close personal relationship with Hitler, and providing readers and historians with a unique perspective on the workings of the Nazi regime. He later wrote a third book, Infiltration, about the SS. Speer died of natural causes in 1981 while on a visit to London.
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Technical University of Munich, Technical University of Berlin
Nationality
German
Spouse
Margarete Weber
Children
Albert Speer, Jr., Hilde Schramm, Fritz Speer, Margret Nissen, Arnold Speer, Ernst Speer
Parents
Albert Friedrich Speer, Luise Speer
Siblings
Ernst Speer, Hermann Speer
Awards
Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Long Form – Multi-part
Movies
Inside the Third Reich, As from Afar
Star Sign
Pisces
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Quote
1
[January 30, 1964] Thirty-one years ago today Hitler took power ... a few months later I met Hitler by chance. And from that moment on everything changed; my whole life was lived under a kind of high tension. Strange, how quickly I gave up everything that had been important to me up to then: private life with my family, my leanings, my principles of architecture. Yet I never had the feeling I was making a break, let alone betraying anything I cherished; rather the feeling was one of liberation and intensification, as though only then was I coming to my proper self. In the following period Hitler accorded me many triumphs, acquaintanceship with power and fame - but he also destroyed everything for me. Not only a life work as an architect and my good name, but above all my moral integrity. Condemned as a war criminal, robbed of my freedom for half a lifetime, and burdened with the permanent sense of guilt, I must in addition live in the awareness that I founded my whole existence on an error. ... So then I ask myself: would I like to fall out of history? What does a place in it mean to me, slight though it may be? If thirty-one years ago today I had been confronted with the choice of leading a quiet and respected life as city engineer of Augsburg or Gottingen, with a house in the suburbs, two or three decent buildings done a year, and vacations with the family in Hahnenklee or Norderney - if I had been offered all that or else everything that has happened, the fame and the guilt, the world capital and Spandau, together with the feeling of a life gone awry - which would I choose? Would I be prepared to pay the price all over again? My head reels when I pose this question. I scarcely dare to ask it. Certainly I cannot answer it at all.
2
[May 4, 1965] Recently, in these days full of memories, I have considered how I would characterize Hitler today after the passage of twenty years. I think I am now less sure than I ever was. All reflection magnifies the difficulties, makes him more incomprehensible. Of course I have no doubts at all about the judgment of history. But I would not know how to describe the man himself. No doubt I could say that he was cruel, unjust, unapproachable, cold, capricious, self-pitying, and vulgar; and in fact he was all of those things. But at the same time he was also the exact opposite of almost all those things. He could be a solicitous paterfamilias, a generous superior, amiable, self-controlled, proud, and capable of enthusiasm for beauty and greatness. I can think of only two concepts that include all his character traits and that are the common denominator of all those many contradictory aspects: opaqueness and dishonesty. Today, in retrospect, I am completely uncertain when and where he was ever really himself, his image not distorted by playacting, tactical considerations, joy in lying. I could not even say what his feeling toward me actually was - whether he really liked me or merely thought how useful I could be to him.
3
[November 30, 1952] Whatever turn my life takes in the future, whenever my name is mentioned, people will think of Hitler. I shall never have an independent existence. And sometimes I see myself as a man of seventy, children long since adult and grandchildren growing up, and wherever I go people will not ask about me but about Hitler.
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Fact
1
A letter he wrote in December 1971 confirmed he had known about the Holocaust during World War II. The letter was not discovered until after his death.
He was released from Spandau Prison in 1966, leaving Rudolf Hess as the only remaining inmate. He remained a prisoner there for another nineteen years, until he committed suicide on August 17, 1987 at the age of 93.
7
Speer claims (and there is some evidence to back it up) that after being given orders to implement "Operation Nero" (a plan to destroy everything of military, industrial or agricultural value in areas of Germany not overrun by the Allies) he attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler by introducing poison gas into the Berlin bunker. He failed due to both failed nerves and the placement of a strengthened filtering system.
8
He became Adolf Hitler's Minister for Armaments after being his favorite architect and designing many famous Reich buildings. At the 1945-1946 war-crimes trial of Nazi leaders in Nuremberg, Speer was sentenced to 20 years in Berlin's Spandau prison for his complicity in Hitler's atrocities. Unlike his co-defendants, Speer readily accepted responsibility for crimes committed by a government in which he played a leading role.
Writer
Title
Year
Status
Character
Wie aus der Ferne
2013
Short letters
Inside the Third Reich
1982
TV Movie book
Art Department
Title
Year
Status
Character
Der Sieg des Glaubens
1933
Documentary construction manager
Self
Title
Year
Status
Character
The Last Nazi
1981
TV Movie documentary
Himself
Arno Breker, Portrait eines Bildhauers
1980
Himself
The Shock of the New
1980
TV Mini-Series documentary
Himself
The Memory of Justice
1976
Documentary
Himself
Two Deaths of Adolf Hitler
1975
TV Movie
Himself - Armaments Minister
The World at War
1973-1974
TV Mini-Series documentary
Himself / Himself - Minister of Armaments / Himself - Hitler's Armaments Minister / ...
Erinnerung an einen Sommer in Berlin
1972
TV Movie
Himself
Der Architekt
1969
TV Movie documentary
Himself
Nürnberg und seine Lehre
1948
Documentary
Himself
Nuremberg Trials
1947
Documentary
Himself
Der Sieg des Glaubens
1933
Documentary
Himself
Archive Footage
Title
Year
Status
Character
1945: 12 Städte, 12 Schicksale
2015
TV Mini-Series documentary
Himself
The Dark Charisma of Adolf Hitler
2012
TV Mini-Series documentary
Himself - Reichsminister für Bewaffnung und Munition
Geheimnisvolle Orte
2012
TV Series documentary
Himself
History
2012
TV Series documentary
Himself
Geheimnisse des 'Dritten Reichs'
2011
TV Series documentary
Himself
Nazi Collaborators
2010
TV Mini-Series documentary
Himself
Hitler's Bodyguard
2010
TV Mini-Series documentary
Himself
Nazi Hunters
2010
TV Mini-Series documentary
Himself - Nazi Minister of Armaments and War Production
Apocalypse - La 2ème guerre mondiale
2009
TV Mini-Series documentary
Himself
In Europa
2007
TV Series documentary
Himself
Revealed
2006
TV Series documentary
Himself
The Rape of Europa
2006
Documentary
Himself
Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial
2006
TV Mini-Series documentary
Himself
Lost Worlds
2006
TV Series documentary
Himself
Hitler's War
2005
Video
Himself
Welthauptstadt Germania
2005
TV Movie documentary
Himself
War Stories with Oliver North
2005
TV Series documentary
Himself
Hitlers Manager
2004
TV Series documentary
Himself
Death in the Bunker: The True Story of Hitler's Downfall
2004
TV Movie documentary
Himself
The Hidden Führer: Debating the Enigma of Hitler's Sexuality
2004
TV Special documentary
Himself
Dead Men's Secrets
2003
TV Series documentary
Himself
Die Chronik des Nürnberger Prozesses
2003
TV Movie documentary
Himself - Accused
Andere Tijden
2000
TV Series documentary
Himself
Television Under the Swastika
1999
TV Movie documentary
Himself - Discusses Luitpold Arena (uncredited)
Hitler and Stalin: Twin Tyrants
1999
TV Movie documentary
Himself (uncredited)
Das Dritte Reich - In Farbe
1998
TV Movie documentary
Himself
Nazis: The Occult Conspiracy
1998
Documentary
Himself (uncredited)
The Last Days
1998
Documentary
Himself - Views Eiffel Tower with Hitler (uncredited)
Sworn to Secrecy: Secrets of War
1998
TV Series documentary
Himself
Rape: A Crime of War
1997
Documentary
Himself - on Trial (uncredited)
The Nazis: A Warning from History
1997
TV Mini-Series documentary
Himself
Reputations
1996
TV Series documentary
Himself
Der Nürnberger Prozess
1996
Documentary
Himself
Hitler's Generals
1996
TV Mini-Series documentary
Himself
Nuremberg: Tyranny on Trial
1995
TV Special documentary
Himself (uncredited)
The Last Days of World War II
1995
TV Movie documentary
Himself (unconfirmed, uncredited)
Hitler: A Profile
1995
TV Mini-Series documentary
Himself (uncredited)
The Champagne Safari
1995
Documentary
Himself
Time Capsule: WW II - War in Europe
1994
Documentary
Himself - After Capture, with Dönitz and Jodl
L'oeil de Vichy
1993
Documentary
Himself
Tak zhit nelzya
1990
Documentary
Himself - Nuremberg Trial (uncredited)
The Nazis: Blitzkrieg
1989
Video documentary
Himself
The Struggle for Democracy
1989
TV Series
Himself (uncredited)
Undergångens arkitektur
1989
Documentary
Himself
The World at War: The Making of the Series.
1989
Documentary short
Himself
Eye of the Dictator
1988
Documentary
Himself (uncredited)
Babiy Yar: Lessons of History
1985
TV Movie documentary
Himself
Hitler, a Career
1977
Documentary
Himself
Men of Our Time
1963
TV Series documentary
Himself
The Clouded Dawn
1962
Documentary
Himself - Nuremberg Trial: Row 2, Seat 8
Verboten!
1959
Himself (uncredited)
The Twentieth Century
1958
TV Series documentary
Himself
Bis fünf nach zwölf - Adolf Hitler und das 3. Reich
1953
Documentary
Himself
Crusade in Europe
1949
TV Series documentary
Himself
Ostatni Parteitag w Norymberdze
1946
Documentary short
Himself (uncredited)
War Comes to America
1945
Documentary
Himself
The Battle of Britain
1943
Documentary
Himself - Views Eiffel Tower with Hitler and Breker (uncredited)