Barbara McCallum Hanley, née Smith (March 2, 1882 - January 26, 1959) was the first woman to be elected a mayor in Canada. (Charlotte Whitton, often credited with this distinction, was in fact the first woman in Canada elected mayor of a major city.)Born in Magnetawan, Ontario, she moved to Webbwood, west of Sudbury, in 1909 to work as a schoolteacher. She married Joseph Hanley, a Canadian Pacific Railway foreman, in 1913. She subsequently served on the public school board from 1923 to 1935, and then served one year on the town council. She also served on various regional and provincial boards and committees.On January 6, 1936, Hanley made history when she defeated Robert Streich by 13 votes in the town's election. She served as mayor of Webbwood for eight years, and championed the establishment of a home for the aged in the Sudbury District. She also spoke out against the forced sterilization of people with developmental disabilities, and encouraged young women to pursue professional careers.She stepped down as mayor in 1944, and served for four more years as the town clerk and treasurer before retiring.Hanley died on January 26, 1959 in Sudbury. She was buried in Burk's Falls.In the early 2010s, Canada's federal government rejected a proposal to formally designate Hanley as a Person of National Historic Significance, on the grounds that simply being the first of something was not necessarily a sufficient condition by itself for being named to the registry.