Ulrich Beck (May 15, 1944 – January 1, 2015) was a German sociologist. His work focused on questions of uncontrollability, ignorance and uncertainty in the modern age, and he coined the terms "risk society" and "second modernity". He also pushed to replace the national perspectives that have predominated in sociological investigations to date with a cosmopolitanism that acknowledges the interconnectedness of the modern world. He was a professor at the University of Munich and also held appointments at the Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (FMSH) in Paris, and at the London School of Economics.