James Francis Byrnes (US /ˈbɜrnz/; May 2, 1882 – April 9, 1972) was an American politician from the state of South Carolina. During his career, Byrnes served as a U.S. Representative (1911–1925), a U.S. Senator (1931–1941), a Justice of the Supreme Court (1941–1942), Secretary of State (1945–1947), and 104th governor of South Carolina (1951–1955). He is one of very few politicians to serve in all three branches of the American federal government while also being active in state government. He was a confidant of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and was one of the most powerful men in American domestic and foreign policy in the mid-1940s. Historian George E. Mowry called Byrnes, "the most influential southern member of Congress between John Calhoun and Lyndon Johnson."
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